Dedicated astro cameras use active cooling (Peltier to −20°C or colder) to cut thermal noise (~64× vs room temperature) and make dark frames repeatable, plus high quantum efficiency (90%+) and low read noise (1–3 e⁻). Mono cooled CMOS (ASI294MM, QHY268M) give the best quality but need filters. Color/OSC cooled CMOS (ASI533MC, QHY268C) simplify the workflow. DSLR/mirrorless cameras work well to start but can't regulate temperature. Start with whatever you have; upgrade to a cooled camera when ready.